This session is dedicated to exploring the systemic crosstalk that orchestrates bone and muscle homeostasis, transcending tissue-centric views to offer a holistic physiological perspective. We invite three distinguished experts to discuss emerging regulatory axes—neural, microbial, and molecular—that are redefining therapeutic strategies for musculoskeletal diseases. Prof. Minho Shong (KAIST) opens the session with a focus on the central nervous system's control over muscle health. In his talk, he will elucidate how neuronal stress responses and mitochondrial function act as critical upstream regulators of muscle wasting, proposing the CNS as a novel therapeutic target for sarcopenia. Next, Dr. Myungsuk Kim (KIST) introduces a multi-omics perspective to investigate the host-microbiome axis in the context of muscle wasting syndromes. By applying systems genetics, his research highlights how gut-microbial interactions influence muscle physiology and how natural products can be leveraged to modulate these complex pathways effectively. Finally, Prof. Ren Xu (Xiamen University) turns our attention to Schnurri-3 (Shn3). While Shn3 is well-established as a potent suppressor of bone formation, Prof. Xu will discuss its pleiotropic roles beyond skeletal biology. This presentation aims to broaden our understanding of Shn3's systemic impact, offering fresh insights into its potential as a multifaceted drug target.